Electric distribution transformer rarely breaks down suddenly epri, 2006. The transformers inherent ability to step up voltages and currents can create lethal quantities of electricity. C electrical power from one voltage to another voltage keeping the frequency same by electromagnetic induction discover the worlds research 17. Societys summer 2002 meeting, clark gellings from epri reported the.
Unlike motors and generators, transformers are nearly 100% efficient, operate continuously with no maintenance, and have no moving parts. Normal maintenance and retrofit of a power transformer not requiring winding replacement or other major step of action is normally performed at site. Part of the motivation was that the preventive maintenance programmes at many nuclear power plants were based on vendors overly conservative recommendations, without sufficient consideration of actual duty cycles or overall system functions. Ensure that the connectors are properly used and installed in accordance with manufacturers specifications. An understanding of the power transformers components and their construction knowledge of power transformer protection an understanding of power transformers oil and oil tests and interpretation of results knowledge of the most effective power transformer electrical. However, when a major repair is required, the failed unit is normally transported to a transformer factory where. Transformer maintenance the text that follows will become chapter 8 of the copper book.
Electric power research institute 2012 research portfolio summary of projects. Substation equipment diagnostics, conference ix, electric power research institute epri. Monash university under an electric power research institute epri, usa. The degree of maintenance and necessary inspection for its operation depends on its. Department of homeland security dhs and the electric power research institute epri on an emergency spare transformer program called the recovery transformer. Increasing reliability, extending life electric power research. Guided by operators positioned outside the transformer, the robots swim through the transformer oil collecting video and still images of the interior. The estimation of remaining useful life of transformer winding insulation. This landmark program has resulted in the successful design, manufacture, factory testing, transportation, installation, energization, and.
Gauge readings, ambient temperature, and kva load should be measured and recorded. Cables connected at lv cable box, feedin g the load of the connected power system. Power transformers are vital components of the power delivery system and their operation affects a utilitys economic and reliability performance. This report describes research sponsored by epri and the u. Power transformer diagnostics, monitoring and design. Modeling distribution system costs subject presentation from the benchmarking distribution grid integration costs under high distributed pv penetrations workshop held september 19, 2017, at the national. The content is near final, but it is expected that some changes will be made based on feedback from epri members after this report is published. Analysis of failure statistics and history test record for power transformer maintenance ekkachai chaidee, thanapong suwanasri and cattareeya adsoongnoen abstract in this paper, power transformer is selected as pilot equipment for maintenance improvement analysis because of its cost and failure consequence. Power factor is defined as the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current.
Conditionbased strategies for transformer age assessment. The report is a corporate document that should be cited in the literature in the following manner. Apply an antioxidant compound to all aluminumto copper connections. Inl and the electric power research institute epri are working jointly to. Life cycle management of utility transformer assets imia, the. Commercial nuclear power plants power and distribution transformers doe plant lifetime improvement program epri life cycle management program prepared by ogden environmental and energy services, 1777 sentry parkway west, abington hall, suite 300, blue bell pa, 19422, under contract to sandia national laboratories for the. Towards a new power system, international renewable energy agency irena, 2014. Epris power transformer application and maintenance guide 5, provides a list of the subject transformers in nuclear plants located in the us and canada.
Hence, accurately and efficiently assessing transformer condition is important for asset and risk management. Accurate analysis for optimal fleet ranking and maintenance mntcs provides an accurate transformer condition assessment in. Dielectric frequency response high low high high low low 0,001 0,01 1 100 0,001 0,01 0,1 1 frequency hz tor 0,1 10 ture and e on y oil conductivity. The power factor test determines the power loss of the transformers insulation system by measuring the power angle between an applied ac voltage and the resultant current. At the end of 70s, american electric power research institute epri. Transformer health management alan ettlinger, director. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of all who. Epris integrated grid cost benefit analysis framework. Epridoe handbook of energy storage for transmission. Sulfur hexafluoride sf6 management, transformer health and life expectancy management, conditionbased. Power transformer maintenance and application guide 10029.
Asset health management poses a longstanding challenge for power utilities, most of which still operate legacy systems that are difficult to properly and optimally maintain. Tm 5686 power transformer maintenance and acceptance. The program is operated in collaboration with the electric power research institutes epris research and development efforts in the longterm operations lto program. Oem relations, fleet problems, large failure investigations, repair procedure. Transformer kva rating nema maximum db ratings 09 40 1050 45 51150 50 150 55 301500 60 501700 62 701 64 decibelsunit for measuring the loudness of sound. This guide provides information on establishing an effective maintenance program to help prevent unexpected motor failures, costly downtime, and unnecessary maintenance costs. Data analytics and applications newsletter for epris dmd. Electric motor predictive and preventive maintenance guide. Guides for minimizing transformer noise proper installation of the transformer is required since a quiet transformer can develop objectionable sound levels. One considers a failure rate, life analysis utilizing epris transformer industrywide database, appropriate for the unit in question.
Check colour of active agent if silicagel is pink, change by new charge. Analysis of failure statistics and history test record for. As such it is desirable to perform various preventative maintenance activities to ensure the transformer maintains a high level of performance and a long functional life. Diagnostic and prognostic models for generator stepup. Pdf a twostage framework for power transformer asset. Determining the present condition of a power transformer. Ron drobeck, system operations live view solv nadav enbar, electric power research institute. Purpose and scope of the study the office of energy policy and systems analysis epsa, in consultation with the office of electricity delivery and energy reliability oe, of the u. Nuclear maintenance applications center 4 winter 2016 instrumentation area and process radiation monitoring system guide, revision 2 of tr104862 1007909. The procedure for implementing new prognostic models in fwphm is detailed in expert. Todays goal begin conversations about eui learn about eui efficiency projects o around the country ron schoff, epri o here in mn lisa severson, minnkota set up discussions for future meetings about policy barriersissues concerning eui efficiency 3. Assessment of large power transformer risk mitigation. Reliability and vulnerability of transformers for electricity. Distribution transformer health monitoring and predictive asset maintenance.
The primary focus for both maintenance and asset managers is the risk assessment for transformer failure. As an independent, nonprofit organization for public interest energy and environmental research, we focus on electricity generation, delivery, and use in collaboration with the electricity sector, its stakeholders and. The solution uses technology by mprest systems ltd. The following periodic tests and inspections are recommended for routine maintenance of the medium power substation transformer. The transformer must be deenergized before this procedure, unless it. Epri life cycle management large power transformers scribd. The electric power research institute epri conducts research, development, and demonstration projects for the benefit of the public in the united states and internationally. Aging management guideline for commercial nuclear power. Pdf the pivotal status of power transformer in the power system is one of the. Institute epri, extending the useful life of power transformers is the single most important strategy for increasing life of power transmission and distribution infrastructures, starting with generator stepup transformers gsu at the powerplant itself. Thus, vulnerability assessments, equipment testing, operational procedure enhancements and appropriate measures for grid and facility hardening should be. Transformers convert electric power, to magnetic flux, to electric power in a new form. Application of reliability centred maintenance to optimize. Icf assessment of large power transformer risk mitigation strategies 4 1.
Epri has evaluated various commercially available robots for transformer inspections and identified and labtested promising options, then fieldtested those with utilities. A twostage framework for power transformer asset maintenance management part i. Electric power research institute 2012 research portfolio. Inl has already tested the procedure to install an updated version of the master epri database. The financial impact of a transformer failure and power. Electric motor predictive and preventive maintenance guide electric motor failure could result in lost capacity as well as excessive repair and maintenance costs. Large format irwxpx rectangular windows mean that a single unit can be used for the lv connections and another for the hv connections on a transformer. Pdf development and present situation analysis of power. Epri life cycle management large power transformers. In a transformer, the only moving part is the oscillating magnetic flux in the core. Epri journal is the flagship publication of the electric power research institute.
Standard for an electrical preventive maintenance epm program page 210 andor connectors are used together, examine connections for signs of galvanic action. Maintenance inspections solutions can be installed on virtually any transformer and allow users to perform visual, infrared and ultraviolet inspections through a single device. Epri, with support from member utilities, initiated the development and testing of methodologies that use test, maintenance, nameplate, and historical failure performance to assess transformer condition. Standard for an electrical preventive maintenance epm. Description the project approaches the power transformer as a system. Hence, distribution transformer health monitoring and load management are critical aspects of smart grids.
Transformer installation, operation, and maintenance manual. Department of the interior bureau of reclamation technical service center infrastructure services division. The list indicates the manufacturers, ratings, and types. This also requires ranking of equipment for purpose of priortising maintenance. Research institute epri recovery transformer is an example of one. J the inductive capabilities of the transformer should also be considered when working on a deenergized unit.
A power transformer requires various routine maintenance. Distribution transformer is the most vital asset in any electrical distribution network. In 1984 the electric power research institute epri introduced rcm to the nuclear power industry. A power transformer is the most costly and essential equipment piece of equipment within an electrical substation. For ideal insulation, the phase angle is 90 degrees, but in practice, no insulation is ideal. An empirical analysis of project cost, performance, and pricing trends in the united states, lawrence berkeley national labs. Distribution transformer health monitoring and predictive. Models and formulations article pdf available in ieee transactions on power systems 28.
Power utilities top priority is delivering a continuous flow of electricity at all times. Online monitoring technical basis and analysis framework. The lto program is managed as a separate technical program operating in the. Power transformer expert system ptx for condition assessment.
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